Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Impaired parvalbumin interneurons in the retrosplenial cortex as the cause of sex-dependent vulnerability in Alzheimer’s disease

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adt8976

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Timeline of surgery and behavioral testing. ( B ) pAAV-s5e2-Gq-P2A-d Tomato expression (green) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (grayscale). Scale bars, 1 mm. ( C ) Percentage of time spent in the novel arm of the forced alternation Y-maze task by male mice with saline treatment and subsequent DCZ treatment. ( D ) Percentage of time spent in the novel arm of the forced alternation Y-maze task by female mice with saline treatment and subsequent DCZ treatment. *P = 0.0349, a priori two-sample t test. ( E ) Activity suppression ratio following contextual conditioning by male mice treated with saline or DCZ. ( F ) Activity suppression ratio following contextual conditioning by female mice treated with saline or DCZ. *P = 0.0088, a priori two-sample t test. ( G ) Photomicrographs showing s5e2 (green) and c-Fos (grayscale) staining in the RSC with saline and DCZ treatments. Scale bars, 50 μm. ( H ) Percentage of s5e2 + cells that were co-localized with c-Fos with saline and DCZ treatment. *P < 0.0001, two-sample t test. ( I ) c-Fos expression density in s5e2-negative cells across the RSC in male WT and 5xFAD mice treated with saline of DCZ. *P = 0.0075, two-way ANOVA (genotype × treatment). ( J ) c-Fos expression density in s5e2-negative cells across the RSC in female WT and 5xFAD mice treated with saline of DCZ. *P = 0.0207, two-way ANOVA (genotype × treatment). Data represent means ± SEM. Group sizes have been presented in parentheses alongside of each plot. See also fig. S6. All statistical comparisons have been provided in table S3.

Article Snippet: Contextual conditioning took place in Ugo Basile (Gemonio, Italy) contextual fear conditioning chambers (17 cm by 17 cm) placed inside of sound attenuating cabinets.

Techniques: Expressing, Saline, Activity Assay, Staining

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: SAHA Enhances Synaptic Function and Plasticity In Vitro but Has Limited Brain Availability In Vivo and Does Not Impact Cognition

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069964

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Compared to non-transgenic littermates (n = 15), Tg2576 (n = 14) mice showed significantly less freezing than wt mice when returned to the context in which conditioning occurred (context, p<0.001), when placed in an altered context (altered, p<0.01), or in response to the cue used for conditioning (cue, p<0.05). B) Tg2576 mice were treated daily for 33 days prior to, as well as during fear conditioning with either vehicle (n = 14), 25 mg/kg SAHA (n = 13), or 50 mg/kg SAHA (n = 13). There was no effect of treatment on the percentage of time Tg2576 mice spent freezing in response to the context, altered context, or cue (p>0.05). C) There was no effect of treatment on the percentage of time spent freezing during conditioning (p>0.05). D) There was no effect of treatment on the distance traveled in the open field test (total distance = 38.0±7.7 m for vehicle, 39.6±6.1 m for 25 mg/kg SAHA, and 34.2±5.2 m for 50 mg/kg SAHA, p>0.05). All data are plotted as mean ±SEM.

Article Snippet: Contextual fear conditioning was performed at Cerebricon, Ltd., (Finland).

Techniques: Transgenic Assay